3 Key Traits of Emotionally Mature Adults


We tend to think of emotionally mature and immature as concepts that apply to children:

  • Little Lisa is just so polite and respectful and always waits patiently after asking for something. Emotionally Mature
  • Little Johnny throws a fit when he doesn’t get what he wants, something even his younger sister doesn’t do. Emotionally Immature

But here’s the thing:

Emotional maturity is not something you automatically grow into as you age.

You don’t instantly become emotionally mature when you turn 18 and society labels you an adult. Nor do you magically become emotionally mature when you get your first job, get married, have a kid, or retire.

Unlike physical maturity, which happens more or less automatically, emotional maturity is largely learned, practiced, and reinforced. And many of us were not taught the skills and habits that foster emotional maturity. Or perhaps we learned the basics, but not much more.

In my work as a psychologist, I spend all day talking to adults of drastically different levels of emotional maturity. I have clients who are brilliant doctors, prestigious lawyers, and successful entrepreneurs but they struggle mightily to simply describe how they feel emotionally. Outwardly, they’re paragons of maturity and achievement, but emotionally, they’re stunted.

This isn’t their fault, of course. As a society, we train our kids to be critical thinkers and hard-working athletes, but too often we ignore or discourage anything involving feelings or emotions. So it shouldn’t be surprising that most of us have somewhat underdeveloped levels of emotional maturity.

Luckily, it’s not that difficult to become more emotionally mature—to learn more about our emotions and how they work (emotional intelligence), and to cultivate habits and routines that strengthen our mental health and wellbeing (emotional fitness).

One of the best ways to do this is to examine people who do have high levels of emotional maturity and break down the specific traits that lead to it.

What follows are 3 common traits I’ve observed among people I consider to have a high degree of emotional maturity, plus a few brief suggestions for how anyone can begin to cultivate these traits in themselves.


1. Emotionally mature adults are flexible in their thinking.

Emotionally mature adults have relatively stable emotional lives. While they do experience mood swings, bouts of anxiety, and bursts of frustration or anger, their overall emotional level tends to be fairly consistent and even. On the other hand, those with low emotional maturity often have large, erratic swings in their emotional lives.

While something as complex as the range of our emotional experience isn’t very amenable to sweeping generalizations, it’s hard to ignore the following observation:

Behind most patterns of extreme emotion are habits of extreme thinking.

In particular, there’s one dimension of thinking that seems to have a profound effect on how we feel emotionally: Rigidity/Flexibility

Rigid thinking means you tend to think the same way over and over again even though it’s unhelpful.

Here are two examples of rigid thinking:

  • Worry. Worry is problem-solving applied to a situation that is either not actually a problem or not a problem you can solve right now. Sometimes we get stuck in worry because it gives us the illusion of control and power over a situation that makes us feel afraid and helpless. Unfortunately, by definition worry never actually solves anything, but it does produce a lot of anxiety and stress. This is why the key to undoing any form of anxiety is to change the rigid thinking style that drives it—worry.
  • Rumination. Rumination is a pattern of thinking that, like worry, pretends to be a form of problem-solving, but in reality, is massively unhelpful. It involves replaying an event from the past—often a mistake we made or a perceived slight against us by someone else—over and over again in our mind. Unfortunately, rumination rarely solves anything but frequently leads to ever-increasing levels of shame, depression, and anger.

Emotionally immature people tend to see thinking patterns like worry and rumination as things that happen to them over which they have little to no control. This is understandable because they often didn’t have adults in their lives at a young age who modeled this for them and taught them how to be aware of and take control of their thinking.

On the other hand, people with higher levels of emotional maturity have developed the mindset that believes while thoughts can initially be quite automatic and outside our control, it’s always possible to become more aware of them and modify them. They’ve learned to control their attention and their thinking styles in a way that’s flexible, realistic, and useful.

How to become a more flexible thinker

There are two key skills anyone can practice to improve their ability to think more flexibly, and as a result, bring more balance to their emotional life:

  1. Mindfulness. Mindfulness is the best way I know of to build meta-cognition—the ability to think about your thinking. Before you can change your thinking to be more flexible, you have to cultivate the ability to be aware of your thinking. Cultivating a mindfulness practice and practicing ordinary mindfulness are great places to get started.
  2. Cognitive Restructuring. Cognitive restructuring is a technique from cognitive behavioral therapy that involves identifying unhelpful automatic thinking patterns and then modifying them to be more realistic and adaptive. Basically, it means re-training your self-talk. This often involves learning to identify cognitive distortions and keeping a thought diary.

Remember: The way we habitually think determines the way we habitually feel.

2. Emotionally mature adults are experimental in their behavior.

Emotionally mature adults tend to be humble, especially when it comes to their own psychology: how they typically feel, think, and behave.

In other words, when things aren’t going well, they know they don’t have all the answers. They’re not afraid to swallow their pride, admit what they don’t know, and try to improve, either by asking others for help or trying new things themselves.

On the other hand, emotionally immature adults tend to have a core feeling of insecurity and inadequacy, which means their sense of self feels too fragile to expose to possible failures and mistakes. As a result, they hang on to whatever strategies, habits, and defaults they have, unwilling to update them.

Here’s an example:

Imagine two fifty-year-old men, Adam and Zach. Both are fathers to teenage sons who are “out of control” and chronically engaging in “risky behavior”—drugs, casual sex, dangerous activities like dirt bike racing while intoxicated, etc.

Both Adam and Zach have tried everything they can think of to get their sons “back on track”—grounding, taking away cell phones, switching schools—but nothing seems to be working.

Both Adam and Zach are called into meetings with their respective son’s high school guidance counselors, both of whom suggest the same thing: Part of your son’s issues may be related to your relationship with your son. As a result, we recommend considering working with a therapist yourself to better understand the nature of your relationship with your son and how you might improve it.

Adam storms out of the office, furious about the “hippie nonsense” he’s just heard and doubles-down on his strategies: he destroys his son’s phone in front of him, ships him off to military school, and—though he’s not totally aware of it—starts drinking a little more than usual.

Zach has a similarly angry reaction to the guidance counselor’s recommendation at first. But after sleeping on it, he realizes that there may be some truth to the idea, even though it makes him feel a little anxious and maybe ashamed. He buys a few books on parenting teenagers. And while they’re a little “touchy-feely” for his tase, he realizes there may very well be some things he could work on to improve his relationship with his son.

Adam’s refusal to consider—much less try—something new indicates significant emotional immaturity. He’s got his ideas and theories and he’s sticking to them, regardless of new information and developments.

Zach’s willingness to at least experiment with a new way of looking at things by reading some books shows at least modest levels of emotional maturity. He’s got his ideas, but he’s humble enough to realize that they might not be a perfect theory for what’s going on; and as a result, he experiments with a new theory to see if it works better.

In some ways, this is similar to the first trait: thinking flexibly. Zach has indeed started by thinking more flexibly about the situation with his son. But he’s taken things a step further by designing an experiment and testing out a new theory—he’s been flexible in his behavior, not just his thinking.

It’s said that the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again even though it doesn’t work. The constructive corollary to that is: the definition of sanity is trying new things when old things aren’t working.

To become more experimental in your behavior, learn to design and test “behavioral experiments.”

If something isn’t going well in your life, it’s natural to think about why that is and what do do about it. The problem is, that’s where most of us start and end. We think our way into a solution and blindly apply it without testing it to see if our solution actually lines up with reality.

This like an entrepreneur spending their life savings on a business idea that has no market research or validation behind it. Or a scientist who develops a “cure” for a disease without putting it through rigorous testing and clinical trials.

No matter how good you think your theory is, reality is the ultimate arbiter of effectiveness. This means you must test your ideas in the real world before accepting them and implementing them.

By designing and testing a new set of behaviors—that is, by running an experiment—you’re opening yourself up not only to new ideas but to new data and evidence. And that’s where better theories and improved results come from.

Remember: Theories without evidence are dangerous. Learn to be a good scientist in the experiment of your life.

3. Emotionally mature adults understand that environment matters… a lot.

Emotionally mature adults have a nuanced understanding of the influence of our environment on the way we think, feel, and act. They understand that while people do have agency, control, and freedom in their lives, this freedom is always constrained to some degree by their environment and context.

Quick example:

You get home from work, and as soon as you walk through the door, your spouse comments that you’re late and you need to hurry up and get ready to meet the Joneses for dinner.

Imagine how you might respond to that scenario under different circumstances:

  • Circumstance A: You only slept 5 hours the night before because of a flair-up of chronic pain in your back, you missed lunch because you were stuck in yet another pointless team meeting, and there was horrendous traffic on your commute home.
  • Circumstance B: You got a solid seven and a half hours of sleep the night before, had a really productive 1-on-1 lunch meeting with your boss where you got to introduce that new idea you’ve been sitting on for months, and—even though there was traffic on your commute home—your best friend from college called you up and you had a great catch-up chat.

What are the odds that you snap back sarcastically at your spouse, get into an argument, have a tense dinner with the Joneses, and go to bed still mad that night given Circumstance A vs Circumstance B?

I don’t care how reasonable, thoughtful, self-possessed, emotionally intelligent, and full of will-power you think you are, you’re crazy if you think your odds of responding constructively to your spouse’s comment are the same under those different circumstances.

Context matters. A lot.

Emotionally mature adults understand that many things we think of as universal traits or abilities are actually highly context-dependent. From problem-solving and work ethic to physical stamina and cheerfulness, how we think, feel, and behave is profoundly affected by our environments—both past and current.

Of course, this doesn’t mean that people don’t have individual strengths and weaknesses, or that individual effort and will don’t matter. They do. But to assume that that’s all that matters is naive and actually dangerous.

If you keep telling yourself that you should have more patience when your spouse makes sarcastic comments toward you, you’re ignoring alternative strategies that could be far more helpful and effective—practicing assertive communication, for instance, or prioritizing sleep and exercise as a form of emotion management and self-care.

Acknowledge the powerful influence of environment on how we think, feel, and behave isn’t just a nice insight; it’s a crucial ingredient in more effective habits and strategies for living well.

How to become more realistic about the impact of the environment on us and others

Practice looking for the subtle but powerful ways our environment shapes us.

Just like a good architect knows that the design and layout of an office building will ultimately impact the effectiveness and wellbeing of the workers in the building, start to observe how different aspects of your environment and context affect you or other people in your life:

  • Do you often find it hard to resist that bowl of ice-cream each night after the kids go to bed? Maybe it has less to do with your lack of discipline and more to do with the fact that you buy ice-cream every week at the grocery store, which means it’s always available and tempting at the end of a long day.
  • Is your wife always cranky after dinner? Maybe it has less to do with her personality and moral fiber, and a whole lot more to do with the fact that you’ve never once offered to make dinner one or two nights per week.
  • Does your toddler have a hard time paying attention during story time before bed? Maybe it’s not a budding case of ADHD, and instead, has something to do with the fact that they spend all day watching insanely hyper-stimulating cartoons on their iPad and so, understandably, Pat the Bunny seems a little underwhelming by contrast.

Remember: Will-power and discipline aren’t strategies; they’re a last resort. Design your environment to be more conducive to your goals and you’ll rarely need all that willpower you consistently overestimate.


All You Need to Know

Emotional maturity is not something we attain automatically simply because we’re grown up, educated, successful, intelligent, or sufficiently “advanced” in any other dimension. It requires a careful attention to and cultivation of our emotional lives, something most of us instinctively avoid.

Think flexibly. Live experimentally. And never underestimate the power of environment.

But what do you think?

Emotional maturity is a complex concept and I certainly don’t have all the answers. These are simply the traits I’ve observed and found admirable and worthy of imitation.

What are some signs of emotional maturity for you? What did I miss?

I’d love to hear your thoughts in the comments below!

39 Comments

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I thnink that advertising can be really unhealthy for people. It amps up subconscious pressures about measuring up, buying things and just adds stress because of unnecessary signalling. I think many grown ups have problems with societal expectations and finances. My theory being that when people hit the mark of not needing to worry about money they may appear more emotionally stable on average. This fits with your above descriptions? I think so. While it is a deep context that is going on we may inadvertently blame people for? As in you are lazy if you are not educated and poor and work two shifts and a bad parent because your kids misbehave (which is reasonable if you don’t have time with them).

What’s with offering to make dinner once or twice a week? Commitment and follow through action to support full equality is the only acceptable answer.

I personally think emotional maturity is also when you can think from other perspectives ( I guess is similar to flexibility, but not exactly). Someone could be rude to you and you can react to it naturally. But this person might have had a bad day or tough time, we won’t ever find out. So why let this affect us?

Being able to let go is also one, also a hard one!

Emotional maturity, what differentiates true leaders from followers, i think. Thank you so much , Nick.

I think another way to notice emotional maturity in people is by the tone of their voice when they talk. Emotionally mature people are generally very calm and relaxed when they talk.Conversely, emotionally immature folks shout and gesticulate a lot.

It’s been a wonderful thing knowing you, Nick.

Thanks Nick, your writing, for me, was excellent and right on time. Anyway, I cannot think of the authors name but he wrote Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff (and it’s all small stuff) and I believe your approach is very similar and very helpful. Anyway I read all his books and ate them up like candy and were so helpful. Due to neglect I’ve slipped back to talking a good talk but acting generally like a complete jerk and thanks to this article it’s time to look at this

I was thinking that you will speak how to build emotions, harvest and channel them at the right time. Our society considers you a freak if you do that, but music does it for us anyway. In sports you have to learn to harvest emotions like pride, sadness, will of change, small anger to build a storyline in sports. We tend to isolate our society from passionate people thinking they are not like us and they are geniuses that have secrets and worked hard when in fact they had channelled emotions that gave them focus. We don’t speak how to harvest instincts and pass intuition to our colleges.

In dysfunctional families, emotional immaturity is not a function of lack of learning how to appropriately handle emotion. It is daily examples of textbook emotional immaturity, witnessed by, effecting, and teaching by example children that is an appropriate way to handle things. The behavior is reinforced by members of the extended family.

I think I agree—we definitely learn emotional maturity and how to handle emotions (or not) from family members!

A unifying/integrating Theory is in the pipe-line. A premise that suggests a measure composed by the ratio (reason) and the aesthetic imperative (capacity to feel) is pivotal in the Theory. ? interested?

Adding that we have choices. That maturity comes from the choices one may take. We do not have a choice on how someone will treat us but we do however, have a choice on how we respond. To assist others in maturing their emotional selves, it’s important to immolate properly, choices in situations of aggression or oppositional. If people simply waited for 1 minute, or even if they waited for the count of 10, the choice they would make in comparison to just reacting immediately. Would differ greatly. I think mature people tend to think before speaking. And the less mature do the opposite, just react. So the reactive emotional response reflects what they choose in that moment, some what on auto pilot. Which is not what someone who is mature might naturally do. As they would be more accustom to contemplate the results or information.

I enjoyed this post very much. It reinforces my belief that, ultimately, our ways of thinking and acting are something we groom throughout life. We are responsible for our perspectives on our lives.

Different people accomplish different things while supporting one another, so occasional venture in the domain of the other one can be a welcome relief from drudgery while a 50/50 split is an encroachment into ones own domain of lesser competence, as such not really optimal solution. Going with success is what brings best results, thus finding out who does what best is essential in a coexisting group, be it a couple or a larger cohesive unit. Organizations know it, interpersonal relationships in family forming groups, e.g. nascent couples can benefit from such insight. As life circumstances change, happily lasting marriages are formed by the ones who continue amicably finding out what distribution of responsibilities works for them.

I also want to call you out on that sexist comment you made.

“…you’ve never once offered to make dinner one or two nights per week.”

In most households today, the “wife” is probably also working. When you make a statement that amounts to saying the “husband” should have AT LEAST offered to make dinner “ONE or TWO” nights per week, it sounds really bad. I noticed you didn’t respond to the last post that mentioned an issue with that statement. Are you even aware of how bad this sounds these days? When I read that I was thinking, “Is this guy really serious?”

This kind of assumption is what is wrong with a patriarcal system. This statement betrays you as someone who assumes a woman is responsible for more than half of anything domestically-related in a partnership just by virtue of her being the female in the relationship. Can’t you see what is so wrong with that statement now? One or two nights out of seven is NOT equity, given everything else is equal. This is not okay to state this way. It sends a bad message and reinforces stereotypes that went out of style with “Leave it to Beaver.” You can do better than this.

I am a woman and that comment actually didn’t bother me at all. It’s not sexist or about equality. I’ve been in both situations and understand both sides. My previous partner loved cooking and only requested that I make dinner at least twice per week to give him a couple nights off to relax. Now, however, I do most of the cooking in my current relationship and I would like my partner to cook at least twice per week to give me a break. Again, it’s not about equality as in both scenarios we were all working full time jobs at about the same level of physical and mental drain. I think it’s more about finding what split works for you in your relationships. For example, my partner does all the hard physical labour around the house and I do all the cleaning and light-labour. Do you think that’s sexist or inequality? I don’t think so – we do what we can. I think your thinking about this comment isn’t very flexible Sandra and Melinda which is Point #1.

Emotional maturity is learning to pick your battles. You don’t let your kid run with a knife but if your kid pierces his ears, let it go. My son did it in 7th grade and kids teased him and he let them grow shut. It didn’t become a thing.

Seriously, people??? Instead of being emotionally immature and saying the author is a sexist because of the example posed how about you just take it as an example and nothing else. You are missing the point…. It’s not about the values and morals of the author but a fabricated example to make a point. This is exactly the kind of thing the media would use to distract us from the real issues. You are reading about being flexible and changing your thinking but you are so focused on that example you are behaving like the emotionally immature person and jumping to a conclusion instead of just seeing the example as just that and nothing else.

Hi Nick: Here are some observations I’ve made about mature people:
1. They are inwardly attuned and know how to self-soothe in trying situations.
2. When they’re at odds with someone, their first impulse is to go toward understanding –eg asking a clarifying question instead of making assumptions or accusations.
3. Like people with true integrity, they welcome feedback on how they’re doing. Immature people attack or get defensive.
4. When their partner is angry or accusatory, they pause to consider whether there’s a nugget of truth in it, and if so they take responsibility.
5. They have clear boundaries and advocate for themselves.
6. They express anger skillfully.
7. They are self-possessed.
8. They are students of their experiences, mistakes, and failures, which leads to wisdom.

On a typical day.. Emotional maturity is feeling genuinely positive even when things are not.

Nick, thank you for your insightful article. As a child of an overbearing, alcoholic,abusive father I struggle terribly with control of my emotions. I am 54 years old and I have just come to realize that I don’t understand how to have a normal relationship. Please let me say that I am not abusive but I tend to overreact or become very cold if someone hurts me. I am also very scared to make myself vulnerable. Your article has given me alot to think about and your examples are also very helpful. P.S. In response to the comments about sexism..I understood those to be examples. Thank you again!

Hi, I am now 66 and for the past 20 years I have found myself becoming very emotional about things of great happiness , sadness , achievements and failures.
Just something for which I felt a weakness for a long time but over the last 5 years I have started to embrace these feelings and accept them as my growth in my life for the appreciation of being able to really feel these as as good healthy understanding and somewhat internal release or submission to coming more in touch with being a human and that these feeling are actually a reflection of who I now am and that my safe navigation through life has given me this as a strength for understanding my fellow brothers and sisters in a way that makes me more compassionate, understanding and overwhelmingly open to others and their lives. I have a wonderful feeling of peacefulness and strength from all of this. Also a greater love for life and people. Thankyou.

Emotional maturity can also be affected by trauma. My husband was 18 when his mother died; then his car (classic that he worked on constantly – $1,000 tires etc) was totaled by a drunk driver who slammed into it while it was parked. Then, that night at 3 or 4 am, his house caught on fire and burned to the ground. His father, his brother and his mother’s parents all lived there. He woke up first, but was unable to save his grandparents who died in the fire. He was in the hospital with third degree burns on his back and arms for a month followed by physical therapy.
I believe that he is stuck emotionally at 18. All his behavior points to this. I love him dearly and will try to get him to refocus when he gets lost in it, which usually works. He won’t go for counseling and says he doesn’t believe in it, but I think he is so terrified of his own feelings that he won’t go.

How about tattling? Children will often tell an adult about even the most minor incidents. Or at the other extreme, they might not tell an adult about even the most serious infractions, out of fear of being labeled a tattletale. Adults usually know when they can handle the situation themselves, and when to tell someone in authority.

And how about blaming others? Adults take responsibility for their actions. Children usually blame things on others, or on situations that took place. Now, if an adult is being made to feel unsafe or uncomfortable, then obviously they would place the blame on whoever is making them (or others) feel this way.

Maybe it was expressed somewhere here and i missed it. Male children are taught not to cry and to suck it up. I’m an emotional intelligent older woman but have had difficulty with many having men open up and be communicative. Communication is so important in a marriage. How do you get a male to get in touch with his emotional side?!

Thank you for your blog, it is so wonderful that if you seek to learn and understand, you will find insight and gain knowledge.
I am grateful that you take the time to offer education and tools for people to consider. Having the awareness and the conversation is of great value. It is also a great resource to share with others.

Reading this in 2021 and I wish I saw it earlier. It’s important to also note that you can be considered a mature person in general but know nothing about emotional maturity. Take me for example, I’m 24 years old now but from the age 18, people kept pointing out how mature I am. However, looking at my past relationships, either with friends or lovers, I realized I just didn’t know how to communicate. My emotions would always betray me. I’ve started my emotional maturity growth journey. I am able to own up to my mistakes, be vulnerable and allow myself to be flexible in my thinking. I’ll get there, I know.

In today’s virtual society we often speak through social media or emails. Without the visualization or audio, we can’t see the circles of fatigue under someone’s eyes or hear voice inflections reflecting their emotions. All we “see” is a written comment in front of us. As a result, we may overreact to their comment not understanding they’ve had a rough day, no or little sleep, family or work issues are pressing upon them. So we react to their comments without consideration of these other factors. I see this often and have experienced the sting of being misread online, accused of being rude or disrespectful, when in reality I was merely frustrated because I was tired, not thinking straight, or trying to make a point that seemed instead like I was having a pity-party. As an emotionally mature individual, I think we all need to consider what my lie behind that virtual message and think-twice before lashing out to someone’s message. We don’t know the context behind the comment.

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